Liquid Biopsy
Analysis of tumour-derived DNA, cells, vesicles or other biomarkers in blood and body fluids to characterise cancer non-invasively.
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Chromatin Architecture
The three-dimensional organisation of DNA, histones and regulatory complexes that helps control genome activity inside the nucleus.
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Protein Language Models
Machine-learning models that learn statistical representations of amino-acid sequences for prediction and molecular design.
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mRNA Therapeutics
Medicines that deliver engineered messenger RNA so cells transiently produce a therapeutic protein or antigen.
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Autophagy
Cellular pathways that deliver cytoplasmic material to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation, quality control and recycling.
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Spatial Transcriptomics
Methods that measure gene expression while preserving the locations and neighbourhoods of cells within tissue.
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Circadian Rhythms
Endogenous biological cycles near twenty-four hours that coordinate physiology and behaviour with environmental time.
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Cancer Immunotherapy
Treatments that redirect, strengthen or release immune responses to recognise and control malignant cells.
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Ribosome Translation
The molecular decoding of messenger RNA into an ordered amino-acid chain by ribosomes and transfer RNAs.
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Computational Protein Design
The algorithmic creation of amino-acid sequences expected to fold into structures with specified biochemical functions.
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Synthetic Biology
The design and construction of biological systems using engineering principles, quantitative models and molecular tools.
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Microbiome Metagenomics
The culture-independent analysis of collective microbial genomes recovered from an environmental or host-associated sample.
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Epigenetic Regulation
Heritable or persistent control of gene activity mediated by chromatin state without changing DNA sequence.
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Methods that measure transcript abundance in individual cells to resolve heterogeneous biological populations.
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Protein Folding
The process by which an amino-acid chain acquires the three-dimensional structure needed for biological function.
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