CAR T-Cell Therapy
Cell therapy in which a patient's or donor's T cells are engineered with a synthetic receptor that recognises a selected disease antigen.
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Liquid Biopsy
Analysis of tumour-derived DNA, cells, vesicles or other biomarkers in blood and body fluids to characterise cancer non-invasively.
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Microbial Synthetic Communities
Designed groups of microbial species used to study and engineer ecological interactions with controlled membership and function.
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Chromatin Architecture
The three-dimensional organisation of DNA, histones and regulatory complexes that helps control genome activity inside the nucleus.
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Paleogenomics
The reconstruction and analysis of genomes from ancient biological remains to study populations, evolution and disease through time.
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mRNA Therapeutics
Medicines that deliver engineered messenger RNA so cells transiently produce a therapeutic protein or antigen.
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Spatial Transcriptomics
Methods that measure gene expression while preserving the locations and neighbourhoods of cells within tissue.
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Viral Evolution
The change of viral populations through mutation, selection, recombination, migration and genetic drift across hosts and time.
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Coral Reef Resilience
The capacity of reef ecosystems to resist disturbance, recover structure and retain ecological function under environmental change.
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Gene Regulatory Networks
Interacting genes, regulatory DNA and molecular factors that control when and where biological programmes are expressed.
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Organoids
Three-dimensional, self-organising cell cultures that reproduce selected structural and functional features of organs.
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Synthetic Biology
The design and construction of biological systems using engineering principles, quantitative models and molecular tools.
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Microbiome Metagenomics
The culture-independent analysis of collective microbial genomes recovered from an environmental or host-associated sample.
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Epigenetic Regulation
Heritable or persistent control of gene activity mediated by chromatin state without changing DNA sequence.
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Methods that measure transcript abundance in individual cells to resolve heterogeneous biological populations.
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Messenger RNA Vaccines
Vaccines that deliver temporary genetic instructions so cells produce an antigen and train adaptive immunity.
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Ecosystem Biodiversity
Variation within species, among species and across ecosystems, together with the interactions that sustain ecological function.
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Antibiotic Resistance
The inherited ability of microorganisms to survive or grow at drug concentrations that would normally inhibit them.
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Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis
How electron transport and a proton gradient power ATP production across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing
A programmable molecular system that can cut DNA near a sequence selected by a guide RNA.
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